The Norwegian Elkhound is a sturdy and ancient spitz type dog that combines a proud hunting heritage with affectionate family traits. Known for its compact build, dense silver coat, and curled tail, this breed has been valued for centuries for tracking and confronting large game. This guide provides a comprehensive look at the breed and practical advice for potential owners, breeders, and enthusiasts.
Short summary of the breed
The Norwegian Elkhound is a medium sized working dog developed in Scandinavia to hunt moose and other large animals. It is known for alertness, endurance, and a strong vocal hunting style. The breed adapts well to active family life and outdoor activities while retaining a clear independent streak inherited from its hunting background.
Physical characteristics and standards
Elkhounds are compact, muscular dogs with a square outline and balanced proportions. A thick double coat protects them in harsh weather and gives them their signature husky look. Erect ears, dark expressive eyes, and a tightly curled tail carried over the back complete the typical silhouette. The breed standard emphasizes sound structure, correct gait, and a confident temperament rather than exaggerated size or ornamentation.
Trait | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
Height at shoulder | 53 to 56 cm | 48 to 51 cm |
Weight | 22 to 28 kg | 16 to 22 kg |
Coat | Thick double coat with dense undercoat | Thick double coat with dense undercoat |
Color | Gray silver with black mask and guard hairs | Gray silver with black mask and guard hairs |
Lifespan | 12 to 15 years | 12 to 15 years |
History and origin of the breed
The Norwegian Elkhound traces its roots to ancient Scandinavia and is one of the oldest preserved dog types in Northern Europe. Archaeological finds, carved stones, and historical records from Viking times show dogs of similar form working alongside hunters. The breed developed primarily as a hunting partner able to track, bay, and hold large game such as elk and moose at bay until the hunter arrived. Over centuries the type was refined in Norway where it became an integral part of rural life.
The name used in English combines elkhound with the Norwegian heritage of the breed. Historically the dog performed a demanding role in rugged terrain and extreme weather, which shaped its durable structure, fearless temperament, and dense protective coat. In the 19th and early 20th centuries selective breeding and the establishment of kennel clubs helped preserve and standardize the type. Today the Norwegian Elkhound is celebrated in its homeland and appreciated internationally as a versatile working and companion dog.
Temperament and typical behavior
Norwegian Elkhounds are known for their bold, alert, and lively personalities. They are confident without being aggressive and possess a strong sense of independence shaped by generations of working alone in the field. These dogs are often described as loyal and affectionate with family members and reserved with strangers until they assess a situation.
Intelligence and independence contribute to problem solving but can challenge obedience training if leadership is inconsistent
Strong prey and hunting instincts make them persistent trackers and vocal when working
Sociable with proper socialization yet can show dominance toward unfamiliar dogs unless introduced carefully
Playful and energetic but also capable of calm companionship within the household
Health and common medical concerns
The Norwegian Elkhound is generally a hardy breed but has predispositions to a few hereditary and age related conditions. Responsible breeders screen breeding stock for health issues and work to minimize the risk of passing on genetic diseases.
Hip dysplasia risk which can be reduced through careful breeding and preventive care
Eye conditions such as progressive retinal atrophy which can lead to vision loss
Hypothyroidism that requires hormone replacement when diagnosed
Occasional reports of glaucoma and entropion in some lines
Generally healthy weight management supports joint health and longevity
Regular veterinary checkups, proper nutrition, and tailored exercise help maintain health. Screening tests for hips and eyes are recommended for breeding candidates. Lifespan typically ranges from 12 to 15 years when preventive care and healthy lifestyle practices are followed.
Grooming and daily care requirements
The Elkhound coat requires regular management but not excessive styling. A double coat sheds seasonally with heavy shedding twice a year. Routine brushing reduces loose hair and keeps the coat healthy. Bathing should be occasional unless the dog gets particularly dirty during outdoor work.
Weekly brushing during normal seasons with daily brushing during heavy shed periods
Regular nail trims to avoid overgrowth and foot discomfort
Dental care with tooth brushing or dental chews to support oral health
Ear checks to prevent infections especially after wet outdoor activity
Balanced diet matched to age and activity level to maintain optimal condition
Because of their active nature, Elkhounds benefit from mental stimulation and toys designed for problem solving. Tiring the dog mentally is as important as physical exercise to avoid boredom related behaviors such as excessive vocalization or destructive chewing.
How the breed relates to children and family life
Norwegian Elkhounds are generally good family dogs known for being patient and protective of children. Their sturdy build makes them well suited for homes with active kids who understand dog body language and respect boundaries. Early socialization and supervision around younger children are essential to ensure safe interactions for both child and dog.
Protective instincts mean the dog may alert or intervene if it senses danger
Playful energy matches active families and outdoor activities
Training children on respectful handling reduces the risk of accidental injury during rough play
Consistency and routine help the dog feel secure in family dynamics
When introduced properly, Elkhounds form strong bonds with family members and often take on a guardian type role in the household. Their sociable nature generally makes them good companions for older children and teens, while younger children should always be supervised during interactions.
Suitability for apartment living and urban environments
Living in an apartment is possible for a Norwegian Elkhound but requires significant commitment to exercise and mental stimulation. The breed is energetic and vocal, so owners must be prepared to provide daily outings, structured activity, and consistent training to manage barking and restlessness.
Multiple daily walks and at least one long vigorous outing recommended
Access to secure off leash areas for scent work and free running beneficial
Early desensitization to common urban sounds reduces noise reactivity
Apartment suitability increases when the household can meet activity needs and provide enrichment
Without adequate exercise a Norwegian Elkhound can develop behavioral problems. Rural or suburban homes with a yard and outdoor opportunities are usually better matches, but well prepared urban owners can offer a good life with consistent effort.
Training approach tailored to the breed
The Norwegian Elkhound learns well but retains an independent mindset from generations of working solo in the field. Training should focus on positive reinforcement, clear boundaries, and varied exercises to engage both mind and body. Short consistent sessions work better than long repetitive drills that the dog may find boring.
Start socialization early with people, other animals, and diverse environments
Use reward based training with treats, toys, and praise to encourage cooperation
Incorporate scent games and tracking exercises to tap into natural instincts
Work on reliable recall given the strong prey drive and tendency to follow scent
Enroll in obedience or working classes to provide structure and social interaction
Leadership is most effective when calm, consistent, and fair. Harsh methods backfire with this breed and can erode trust. Training that channels energy into productive tasks yields the best behavioral outcomes and deepens the owner dog bond.
Popular questions and clear answers
Does the breed shed a lot
Yes. The double coat sheds year round with two heavy seasonal sheds. Regular brushing and grooming help manage the hair load.
Is the breed good for first time owners
It can be a challenge for inexperienced owners due to high energy and independent temperament. First time owners who commit to training and exercise can succeed.
Is the breed good with other pets
Early socialization improves compatibility. Prey drive means small animals may be viewed as quarry so supervision and gradual introductions are essential.
Are Norwegian Elkhounds vocal
Yes. They are vocal and use a range of sounds for alerting and during hunting activity. Training and outlets for energy reduce nuisance barking.
Is the breed hypoallergenic
No. The breed sheds heavily and is not suitable for allergy sufferers seeking low dander dogs.
How much exercise is required
Daily walks plus at least one extended active session such as running, hiking, or play are recommended. Mental work complements physical activity.
Vital points to remember about the breed
Ancient Scandinavian hunting dog with durable construction
Requires consistent exercise and mental enrichment
Thick double coat needs regular brushing and seasonal attention
Independent intelligence rewards positive and varied training methods
Good family companion when socialized and supervised with children
Not hypoallergenic and tends to be vocal
Health screening for hips and eyes recommended for breeders
Intriguing facts and breed highlights
The Norwegian Elkhound is often called a national dog of Norway and appears in folklore and national symbolism
Archaeological evidence of similar dogs appears on Viking age carvings and artifacts
The name Elkhound links to the breed function of hunting elk or moose and the old Norse word for dog
The breed combines scent tracking and bold baying to hold large game at bay rather than making the final kill
Elkhounds are highly adaptable in cold weather due to their dense insulating undercoat
They perform well in dog sports such as rally, agility, and tracking where scent skills are rewarded
Famous Norwegian explorers and hunters historically relied on Elkhounds for long expeditions in remote areas